Process reference built for the unit floor.

Atmospheric fractionation of crude oil into primary product fractions including naphtha, kerosene, diesel, and atmospheric residue.

Deep-cut distillation of atmospheric residue under vacuum to maximize gasoil recovery while minimizing thermal cracking.

Mild thermal cracking of vacuum residue to reduce viscosity and fuel oil yield using soaker or coil process configurations.

Air-blowing of vacuum residue to produce paving, roofing, and industrial asphalt grades meeting specification requirements.

High-temperature catalytic conversion of heavy gas oil to gasoline, LPG, and distillates using circulating fluidized catalyst.

High-pressure catalytic cracking of heavy feeds with hydrogen to produce high-quality naphtha, jet fuel, and diesel.

Thermal cracking of vacuum residue in a cyclic drum operation to produce petroleum coke, naphtha, gas oil, and gas.

Multi-stage solvent refining, dewaxing, and hydrofinishing to produce lubricant base stocks from waxy distillate fractions.

Catalytic removal of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and metals from petroleum streams for product specification and catalyst protection.

Acid gas removal via amine absorption, followed by elemental sulfur recovery through Claus reaction and tail gas treatment.

Steam stripping of dissolved H₂S and ammonia from refinery sour water streams to meet effluent specs and recover acid gas.

Catalytic oxidation and extraction of mercaptans from LPG, naphtha, and kerosene using fixed-bed or liquid-liquid configurations.

Platinum-catalyst conversion of low-octane naphtha to high-octane reformate and hydrogen across semi-regen and CCR designs.

Low-temperature catalytic rearrangement of light straight-run naphtha to increase octane number for gasoline blending.

Combination of light isoparaffins and olefins using HF or sulfuric acid catalyst to produce high-octane alkylate for blending.

Catalytic etherification of isobutylene with methanol to produce methyl tert-butyl ether as a high-octane oxygenate.

Design, operation, inspection, and failure analysis for cabin, vertical cylindrical, and radiant-wall heater types.

Selection, specification, operation, and maintenance of gate, globe, ball, butterfly, check, and control valves.

Design, performance, seal systems, NPSH analysis, and troubleshooting of centrifugal pumps in hydrocarbon service.

Centrifugal and reciprocating compressor design, operation, surge protection, seal systems, and maintenance.

Shell-and-tube and plate exchanger design, fouling assessment, bundle inspection, and thermal performance.

Design, combustion control, water chemistry, blowdown, inspection, and safety systems for utility boilers.

Process measurement, control loop fundamentals, safety instrumented systems, and transmitter and control valve selection.